Abstract

This study examines the association between CEO temporal focus and corporate engagement in philanthropy, and considers the moderating role of ownership. This association is investigated based on upper echelons theory and the conceptual framework of temporal focus. Using a sample of 2,285 observations of Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2015, our results show that the relationship between CEO past focus and corporate philanthropy is positive in state-owned firms but negative in private firms. In addition, CEO future focus is negatively associated with charitable activities in state-owned firms, but positively associated with such activities in private companies. For present-oriented CEOs, the relationship between temporal focus and philanthropy is negative in both public and private firms, but the negative effect is stronger in private firms. The findings of this study show how CEOs' time perspectives shape their decisions on company engagement in philanthropic projects.

Keyword

CEO temporal focus ;  CEO time perspective ;  corporate giving ;  corporate philanthropy ;  ownership

Abstract

In this study, the relationship between CEO temporal focus and family business succession planning is examined and the moderating effects of family interactions and environmental uncertainty are assessed. Based on data from 198 CEOs of family businesses and additional data from 15 semi-structured interviews in China, we find that CEO temporal focus (i.e., past, present, or future focus) is positively associated with succession planning. In addition, family interactions strengthen the relationship between CEO past focus and succession planning and weaken the relationship between CEO future focus and succession planning. Moreover, in uncertain environments, past-focused CEOs are more likely to plan for succession than present-focused CEOs. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of the study are also discussed.

Keyword

Environmental uncertainty ;  Family firm ;  Family interaction ;  Succession planning ;  Temporal focus

Abstract

The literature often focuses on the positive effects of mentoring, especially for protégés. When mentoring experiences are negative, the assumption is that these negative effects are less detrimental to the mentor than to the protégé, owing to the mentor's greater relative power in the relationship. This study uses ego depletion theory to examine the link between negative mentoring experiences (as rated by protégés) and mentor creativity and focuses on the mediating and moderating roles of mentor ego depletion and mentor traditionality on this link. The results are based on data from 227 protégés, 187 mentors, and 187 supervisors of mentors in Chinese organizations. The findings support a mediating effect of ego depletion on the negative relationship between negative mentoring experiences and mentor creativity. In addition, the study finds that traditionality attenuates both the positive relationship between negative mentoring experiences and ego depletion and the indirect effect of negative mentoring experiences on mentors' creativity through ego depletion. The implications for management theory and practice are discussed.

Keyword

creativity ;  ego depletion ;  mentoring ;  negative mentoring experiences ;  traditionality

Abstract

Extensive research has been conducted into the antecedents and consequences of workplace envy, but there have been limited meta-analytic reviews. This meta-analysis draws on social comparison theory to examine studies of envy in the workplace and develop a comprehensive model of the antecedents and consequences of workplace envy. We reconcile the divergent findings in the literature by building a model of three types of workplace envy that distinguishes between episodic, dispositional, and general envy. The results suggest that individual differences (e.g., narcissism, neuroticism), organizational contexts (e.g., competition, position), and social desirability are predictors of workplace envy. They also reveal that workplace envy is related to organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), negative behaviors (e.g., ostracism, social undermining), negative emotions, organizational perceptions (i.e., engagement, satisfaction), turnover intentions, and moral disengagement. We test the moderating roles of envy types, measurement approaches, and causal directions. The results reveal that these moderators have little differences, and that some variables (e.g., self-esteem, fairness) may be both antecedents and consequences of workplace envy. Finally, we suggest that future research into workplace envy should investigate contextual predictors and moderators of the social comparison process that triggers envy. This meta-analysis can serve as a foundation for future research into workplace envy.

Keyword

Abstract

Performance pressure acts as a double-edged sword for employees. Based on an approach/avoidance framework, we theorize that performance pressure produces both positive and negative effects on employees' in-role behaviors via approach motivation (i.e., self-objectification) and avoidance motivation (i.e., workplace anxiety), and work meaningfulness moderates employees' reactions to performance pressure. We examine our hypotheses using data from a sample of 345 employees in various organizations. The results show that self-objectification provides an approach motive that mediates the positive indirect effect of performance pressure on employees' in-role behaviors. However, workplace anxiety provides an avoidance motive that mediates the negative indirect effect of performance pressure on employees' in-role behaviors. Work meaningfulness strengthens both the approach and avoidance tendencies that employees experience under performance pressure. Our findings have significant theoretical and managerial implications.

Keyword

approach/avoidance motivation ;  in-role behaviors ;  performance pressure ;  self-objectification ;  work meaningfulness ;  workplace anxiety

Abstract

Workplace ostracism, which is regarded as "social death, " is rampant in organizations and has attracted significant research attention. We extend the understanding of workplace ostracism by conducting a meta-analysis of studies of the relationships between workplace ostracism and its consequences. We also explore the moderating effects of national culture (i.e., collectivism vs. individualism) and the mediating effects of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). The results of a meta-analysis of 95 independent samples (N = 26,767) reveal that exposure to workplace ostracism is significantly related to individuals' attitudes, well-beings, and behaviors. Moreover, the effects of workplace ostracism on belongingness, job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) toward individuals (OCBI), organizational deviance, and interpersonal deviance are stronger in individualist contexts than in collectivist contexts. However, the relationships between workplace ostracism and organizational identification and OCB are stronger in collectivist contexts than in individualist contexts. Our meta-analytical structural equation modeling also provides evidence of the mediating effects of OBSE on the relationships between workplace ostracism and organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and job performance. The implications and limitations of our study and future research directions are also discussed.

Keyword

workplace ostracism ;  meta-analysis ;  consequences ;  organization-based self-esteem ;  individualism-collectivism

Abstract

Keyword

Job engagement ;  Proactive personality ;  Prohibitive voice ;  Promotive voice ;  Servant leadership

Abstract

This study focused on the victims of coworker envy and presented a comprehensive model of being envied by coworkers to explore its antecedents and consequences in the hospitality context. Based on a sample of 232 employee-supervisor dyads in five Chinese hotels, we found that competitive goal interdependence fostered coworker envy, whereas cooperative goal interdependence prevented it. Further, the experience of being envied by coworkers undermined the frontline hospitality employees' social exchange relationship with coworkers. This in turn prevented them from engaging in organizational citizenship behavior directed at their organizations (OCBO) and specific individuals (OCBI) such as organization members. In addition, envied employees' others' approval of the contingent self-esteem was found to strengthen (1) the direct effect of being envied by coworkers on coworker exchange and (2) the indirect effect of being envied by coworkers on OCBO and OCBI via coworker exchange.

Keyword

Being envied by coworkers ;  Contingent self-esteem ;  Coworker exchange ;  Goal interdependence ;  Organizational citizenship behavior

Abstract

Drawing on the work-home resources model, this study investigated the relationship between sexual harassment perceived by employees in the workplace and their work-family enrichment. We considered the potential mediating role of employees' organization-based self-esteem and moderating role of their polychronicity. Using two-wave time-lagged data collected from 362 part-time Master of Business Administration students with full-time jobs in China, we found that perceived sexual harassment at work was negatively related to employees' work-family enrichment via reduced organization-based self-esteem. Polychronicity alleviated the negative relationship between sexual harassment and organization-based self-esteem, and the mediating effect of sexual harassment on work-family enrichment through decreased organization-based self-esteem. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

Keyword

Sexual harassment ;  Polychronicity ;  Organization-based self-esteem ;  Work–family enrichment

Abstract

Focusing on the interface between CEOs and top management teams (TMTs), we argue that CEO self-monitoring positively impacts a firm's pursuit of corporate entrepreneurship through the intervening role of TMT behavioral integration. We additionally argue that the impact becomes stronger as the firm's discretionary slack decreases because decreased slack creates an organizational context more favorable to the influences of both CEO self-monitoring and TMT behavioral integration. Results based on multisource (CEOs and TMTs) and multiwave data from 110 firms support the model and associated hypotheses.

Keyword

CEO characteristics ;  corporate entrepreneurship ;  discretionary slack ;  self-monitoring ;  TMT behavioral integration