Abstract

In many countries, medical services are delivered through a multi-hospital network where a patient may have unlimited choices to different points of access to care. Due to various reasons, such a network may experience substantial workload imbalance. One way to address this challenge relies on government providing higher subsidy to incentivize patients to visit hospitals with low workload/utilization. In this research, we studied the problem of optimal government-to-patient subsidy differential (G2P-SD) policy design. We first formulated the problem with a nonlinear optimization model to minimize the total social cost (i.e., the cost of weighted wait time plus government subsidy spending) subject to the minimum workload requirement. Then we used a discrete choice model with real-world data to identify the significant influence of G2P-SD on patient hospital visit choice and numerically specified the rates of patient arrivals at a multi-hospital outpatient care network accordingly. We next developed a large-scale two-level queuing network to analyze the impact of G2P-SD on patient flows within the service network. We defined funding efficiency as a potential indicator to policy makers for effective budget allocation among various types of patients. Our study verified the effectiveness of modifying the G2P-SD policy, i.e., the total social cost is reduced by 55.99%. Furthermore, our study suggested the benefit of further tailoring the policy design with consideration of influential patient attributes, which leads to a further reduction in wait time at high-workload hospitals in our Shanghai-based case study.

Keyword

Choice model ;  Differential subsidy ;  Queueing network ;  Subsidy policy

Abstract

In this study, the relationship between CEO temporal focus and family business succession planning is examined and the moderating effects of family interactions and environmental uncertainty are assessed. Based on data from 198 CEOs of family businesses and additional data from 15 semi-structured interviews in China, we find that CEO temporal focus (i.e., past, present, or future focus) is positively associated with succession planning. In addition, family interactions strengthen the relationship between CEO past focus and succession planning and weaken the relationship between CEO future focus and succession planning. Moreover, in uncertain environments, past-focused CEOs are more likely to plan for succession than present-focused CEOs. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of the study are also discussed.

Keyword

Environmental uncertainty ;  Family firm ;  Family interaction ;  Succession planning ;  Temporal focus

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to test whether self-verification striving serves as an individual difference antecedent of emotional labor and explore whether various emotional labor tactics acted as mediatingmechanisms through which self-verification striving relates to employee outcomes. Design/methodology/approach - The sample used in this paper consisted of supervisor-subordinate dyads working in six hotels in South Korea and used multi-level analyses and the Monte Carlo method to test the research hypotheses presented in this paper. Findings - Self-verification striving was positively and directly related to job performance as well as two out of three forms of emotional labor (i.e. the expression of naturally felt emotions and deep acting). Selfverification striving also indirectly related to job satisfaction through the expression of naturally felt emotions and indirectly related to job performance through deep acting. Practical implications - The findings of this paper suggest that organizations should consider selfverification striving as an employment selection criterion and provide training programs to help their customer service employees engage in appropriate types of emotional labor. Originality/value - This paper is the first to explore the underlying mechanisms through which selfverification striving relates to employee outcomes. It also empirically bolsters the notion that expressing naturally felt emotions is an important means of authentic self-expression that positively contributes to job satisfaction. Further, the authors found that self-verification striving positively relates to job performance partially through deep acting. Moreover, they have shown that self-verification striving, as an individual differences variable, is an antecedent of different types of emotional labor.

Keyword

Emotional labor ;  Job performance ;  Job satisfaction ;  Self-verification striving

Abstract

We sought to better understand the impact of leader emotional stability on follower burnout. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we examined the emotional exhaustion consequences of supervisor-subordinate emotional stability congruence. Study 1 consisted of 299 light construction and maintenance workers and their supervisors. Study 2 was comprised of 294 workers at a city permits office and their supervisors. As hypothesized, both samples revealed that the highest levels of subordinate emotional exhaustion occurred when both supervisor and subordinate emotional stability were low. Our polynomial regression results suggest that the effects of leader and follower emotional stability are not simply a matter of similarity; subordinates low in emotional stability are disproportionately and negatively impacted by a low-emotional stability leader.

Keyword

Conservation of resources ;  Emotional exhaustion ;  Emotional stability ;  Leader personality ;  Personality congruence

Abstract

In China, due to lack of clear regulation on care pathway of patients, it is commonly observed that the system experiences substantial utilization imbalance. One way to address this challenge is through creating healthcare alliances. Among the alliance, patients can be referred from high utilized hospitals to low utilized ones for services that can be provided in both types of hospitals with similar service qualities. Such an alliance system, usually includes one upper level high utilized hospital (ULH) (e.g. a Comprehensive Hospital) and several lower level hospital (LLH) that are low utilized (e.g. Community Hospitals). The alliance hopes to reduce waiting time of the system, especially the waiting time in the high utilized hospital. As a result, the utilization of the low utilized hospitals will be improved. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how to control the referral decision process. In this paper, we investigate when patients at the ULH will need to be referred to the LLH and to which LLH they should be referred to. Firstly, we focus our attention on an easy-to-implement threshold policy for the ULH for making the decision whether to referral patients. Then, we analyze five different selection strategies (Random Transfer, Maximum Number of Beds Available, Minimum Number of Beds Available, Maximum Available Beds Rate Status, and Minimum Available Beds Rate Status) to determine the LLH to which the patient is referred to. Simulation experiments are performed to make these analyses. Opposite to the intuition that it is best to send patients to the LLH with the most available beds, the results show that sending patients to the LLH with the lowest available bed rate (Minimum Available Beds Rate Status) is the best strategy. This is because that the ULH's waiting time is more important in the objective, sending patients to an LLH that its current available resources are more likely to be occupied by its own normal patients later, will help improve the overall probability that the ULH successfully refer patients out in the long run. Secondly, we also developed a PSO-OCBA method which integrates the idea from Optimal Computing Budget Allocation (OCBA) into the searching Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for generating best control threshold. We find that if we can adaptively achieve the optimal K with the different selection strategies, the difference of the performance between the five strategies will be highly reduced. Our research is the first work that applies system engineering to the real-time referral decision problem between one ULH and several LLHs. It provides a novel perspective of patient referral control studies in the coordination alliance operation literature. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keyword

ALGORITHM ;  Coordination ;  Decision making ;  Healthcare ;  MODEL ;  Referral alliance ;  SIMULATION-OPTIMIZATION ;  SYSTEM ;  Threshold control policy

Abstract

Research Question/Issues Most extant literature implicitly equates obtaining information through board interlocks to acting on the information. We investigate triggers that help to translate the information into action. In addition to exposure to the information by board interlocks, we suggest that the self‐interest of the individuals who create these ties and hierarchical power of interlinked firms determines the likelihood of taking actions of adopting new practices. Research Findings/Insights Using the action of adopting two distinctive governance practices, stock option pays or board reform, we find that sent ties and received ties affect the adoption decisions differently. Whereas sent ties reflect managerial interests, received ties derive power from a hierarchical relationship between the focal firm and the interlinked firm. Such differential nature of sent and received ties drives a differential result in terms of adopting two distinctive governance practices. We also find support for different moderating effects of firm performance on the impact of sent and received ties. Theoretical/Academic Implications In this study, we incorporated the self‐interest of executives with sent ties to prior adopters and the power of directors who establish ties with prior adopters that are hierarchically positioned. By doing so, this study paints a more fine‐grained picture regarding underlying mechanisms by which information gained through ties is translated into action. This provides important insights for both agency theory and resource‐dependency theory. Practitioner/Policy Implications Hierarchical board ties are not a unique phenomenon in Japan. We often find such ties in business groups in China, India, Korea, and some European countries. Establishing board interlocks among subsidiaries in a business group is an important governance resolution for controlling the whole business group. Hence, our findings that the ties carry not only information but also agent's interest and hierarchical power should be taken into account when a business group designs board interlocks.

Keyword

blockholder ownership ;  board policy issues ;  Corporate governance ;  Japan ;  resource dependence theory

Abstract

Using survey data from China and India, we explore the impact of network strategy of new ventures in emerging markets. We focus on two critical dimensions of network strategy, namely, broadening and deepening the network and two types of knowledge: market knowledge and technological knowledge. We find that proactive network deepening is associated with market knowledge and network broadening with technological knowledge. From a network perspective, our work highlights the counterintuitive outcomes of breadth versus depth orientation in network strategy, highlighting differences between advanced and emerging economies. We use a post-hoc multi-group analysis to show the differences even within the two emerging markets: India and China. The direct effect of partnering proactiveness on market knowledge in India is significantly higher than that in China but there is no significant difference as to the effect of technological knowledge. We use this exploratory study to highlight the opportunities for network and entrepreneurship scholars to study emerging markets and, in particular, undertake comparative studies between new ventures in China and India.

Keyword

China ;  emerging market ;  entrepreneurship ;  India ;  knowledge ;  networks ;  new venture

Abstract

Researchers have emphasized the value of authenticity, but not much is known about what makes a person authentic in the eyes of others. Our research takes an interpersonal perspective to examine the determinants of followers’ perceptions of leader authenticity. Building on social identity theory, we propose that two fundamental self-identifications–a leader’s sense of uniqueness and sense of belongingness–interact to influence followers’ perceptions of a leader’s authenticity via perceptions of a leader’s self-concept consistency. In a field study conducted among leader–follower dyads and in a controlled laboratory experiment, we find that when a leader feels a low sense of belongingness, there is a positive relationship between a leader’s sense of uniqueness and perceptions of leader authenticity. When a leader feels a low sense of uniqueness, there is a positive relationship between a leader’s sense of belongingness and perceptions of leader authenticity. This is because followers perceive this leader as having high self-concept consistency.

Keyword

Perceived leader authenticity ;  Self-concept consistency ;  Sense of belongingness ;  Sense of uniqueness ;  Social identity theory

Abstract

Managers of international subsidiaries, especially subsidiary CEOs, operate at critical interfaces within multinational enterprises (MNEs) and hold strategic responsibility for the operations in their country. Yet, their impact on subsidiary performance has received scant research attention. Building on the subsidiary entrepreneurship and strategic leadership literatures, we develop a model of how subsidiary CEOs' entrepreneurial leadership affects subsidiary performance, and how this relationship is moderated by the subsidiary context that determines managerial discretion. We combine survey data of 291 international subsidiaries in South Korea with archival data to test our hypotheses. Our results show that subsidiary CEOs' entrepreneurial leadership enhances subsidiary performance and that this relationship is strengthened by managerial discretion. Our study highlights the pivotal role of subsidiary CEOs within MNEs and contributes to a microfoundational understanding of international subsidiary management.

Keyword

Decision autonomy ;  Entrepreneurial leadership ;  Managerial discretion ;  Organizational inertia ;  Subsidiary performance ;  Task complexity

Abstract

This study explores the effects of cross-border mergers & acquisitions (CBMA) on domestic innovation of Chinese firms. We build a new panel dataset that matches information on CBMA and innovation activities for China's publicly listed firms. We rely on matching techniques combined with a difference-in-differences estimator to study the causal effects of CBMA respectively on firms' investments in innovation, innovation outputs, and financial performance. The main findings reveal that CBMA has both a positive impact on firms' R&D spending and number of patent applications, no statistically significant effect on the number of granted patents or on the quality of those patents, and a negative effect on firms' financial performance. These results depend, however, on the type of CBMA (horizontal or vertical), destination country (OECD or non-OECD), and the technological intensity (high-tech or not) of the acquirer and target firm. Overall, the findings bring into question whether CBMAs, and China's going-out strategy, will significantly boost its indigenous innovation capabilities.

Keyword

China ;  Innovation ;  Outward direct investment ;  Patenting